Continuing from our previous post at
https://varanasisoftwarejunction.blogspot.com/2021/02/how-to-create-site-using-django.html
In this post we will explain the use of models for communicating with a database in a DJango installation. For simplicity we will use the Sqlite database that comes bundled with DJango.
Step 1 will of course be installing DJango and getting it up and running.
Install and run DJango
Create a folder called databasedjango and then give the following commands via a command prompt.
Open a command prompt and give the following command
django-admin startproject databasesite
Next step, run and test the installation.
python manage.py runserver 777
Type http://localhost:777 in a browser and see the results
Next Step.
Create an app. Write this command on the command prompt
python manage.py startapp dbuse
Next step, create a views.py file and create your own url by importing it into urls.py.
Open the file and create a simple function called Index and return Hello from it.
views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from . import views
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello")
Define the default path in urls.py, also import views.py.
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path("",views.index),
]
Next step, specify the templates folder in settings.py and also give the app name.
settings.py
from pathlib import Path
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '(kvm!umqw6w*gd3tcirt%hs^+4-3*95#@_c-rg)rb^#dwt5rrn'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'dbuse',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'databasesite.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': ['dbtemplates'],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'databasesite.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
Go back to views.py and define a new function and return a template.
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from . import views
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello")
def test(request):
return render(request,"test.html")
test.html in templates directory
<!Doctype>
<html>
<head>
<title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello Template</h1>
</body>
</html>
Next step, create a model in the app.
Open models.py in the app and add your class.
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
bookname=models.CharField(max_length=50)
price=models.IntegerField()
subject=models.CharField(max_length=20)
class Meta:
db_table="book"
Next step, Insert data into the books table
views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from dbuse.models import Book
from . import views
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello")
def test(request):
return render(request,"test.html")
def insert(request):
bookname="The Recursion Sutras"# request.GET["bookname"]
price=399#request.GET["price"]
subject="Recursion"#request.GET["subject"]
print(bookname,price,subject)
book=Book(
bookname=bookname,price=price,subject=subject
)
book.save()
data={"bookname":bookname,"price":price,"subject":subject}
return render(request,"book.html",{'data':data})
Here is the github repository for the DJango sample. In the next post we will update, delete and search.
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